Policing in Angola The WritePass Journal

Policing in Angola Abstract Policing in Angola Abstract 1 Introduction2 Non state policing in Angola2.1 Pro non state policing2.2 Against Non-state policing3 ConclusionReferencesRelated Abstract With a need to maintain order and protect the citizens, nations such as Angola are grappling with how to create and maintain a police force. This study assesses the strengths and weaknesses of using non-state police forces in a law keeping and enforcement capacity. The results of this study illustrate that there is a high potential for corruption, yet, the need for protection is greater than the possibility of abuse. This study will be of interest to any person delving into the strengths and weaknesses of a non-state policing solution. 1 Introduction The need to ensure the security of the ordinary citizens in the nation of Angola on a day to day basis has prompted the consideration of creating and applying non-state policing actors (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2006). With too little money from the regional government given for a police force, outside actors including businesses, private citizens and foreign nations can be utilized as investors in order to provide the service of policing the community.   Non-state police forces are often unregulated and have the potential to take on a wide variety of forms that will speak to the characteristics of the surrounding population (Wood et al., 2007; Gill, 1994). Yet, it is necessary to avoid varied forces including vigilante groups that seek their own goals to neighbourhood watches and instead seek to stabilize a community made up of equally varied members giving the population to find them working against the same mutual enemy. Violent crime as well as rampant civil rights abuses has continuously promoted the need for a policing force throughout Angola and the entire African continent (Johnston et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2007).   Alongside the need to keep the peace is the inherent need of the underlying community to support the force and the policies resting behind the enforcement of the tenants of the region. What cannot be denied is that despite the potential for abuse, there is a need for a centred and recognizable police force, whether a state or non-state actor, in order to ensure that day to day activities that contribute to the long term health of the nation are attended to.   This brief illustrates the pro and con arguments surrounding the non-state police agenda and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the system. 2 Non state policing in Angola 2.1 Pro non state policing There is several sound reasons that a government such as Angola’s would choose to create and implement a non-state policing force (Wood et al., 2007; Hallsworth et al., 2011). Ranking as the primary motivation is the need for community security that allows for day to day activities to progress without hindrance. Furthermore, this perception of cultural stability aids in the operation of the underlying and associated financial and consumer markets that are themselves integral to the stability of the state (Crank et al., 2007; Baker, 2010).   With a law abiding citizenry comes the opportunity to build a sound financial base that allows the operation of external and internal projects.   With high crime rates to blame for abuses against the most vulnerable of Angola, the absence of a police force allows the criminal element to come to the fore, which in turn is directly against the needs of the regional population to grow and prosper (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2006). Enforcement of the law is only one facet of any regions police force, making the need for a working unit critical to Angola (Johnston et al., 2003). Absent the taxpayer funds to establish and operate a working force, the non-state police option provides a method that can accomplish the goals of both the government and the consumer community. With a private force the tax payer does not typically feel the sting of payment that these forces need to remain relevant in the states interest (Gill, 1994; Baker, 2006).   This element provides many opportunities for private investors to step forth and equip the non-state police force in a manner that some of the poorer nations, such as Angola, can only hope to afford. Furthermore, a key advantage of many outside or private police entities are the established outside contacts and expertise that is brought into the region as a result of the engagement (Crank et al., 2007; Baker, 2006). In many cases the skilled labour may not be present in the immediate area, requiring the need to look to the outside community for better talent and resources. Another opportunity provided by the consideration of a non-state police force in Angola is the potential to transform relations with neighbour nations or allies by incorporating elements of their working infrastructure (Gill, 1994; Johnston et al., 2003). It is become more common of multinational police forces to work together towards a goal that serves to benefit the entire international outlook by ensuring the stability of the region. Furthermore, this form of non-state or shared policing builds bridges and understanding between enforcement departments that often have work across national and international borders in order to address the issue at hand (Hallsworth et al., 2011). In summary, the primary positives resting behind the non-state police force in Angola is the increase in talent, decrease in state funds spent and the opportunity to find international partners that will assist to maintain order in the long run. 2.2 Against Non-state policing As with any employee or outside agency, bringing in an outside police force to Angola, holds the potential to be abused and subverted to the interests of others (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2010).   Private interests often play a pivotal role in choosing, maintaining and implementing any form of non-state policing, making the persons behind the effort at once suspect and complicit in the case of corruption. Lending itself well to the spectre of corruption, non-state policing can have chilling impact on the target community by stifling business and community activities to the point that there is a visible loss of enthusiasm and production (Johnston et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2007). Furthermore, this perception of public abuse on the part of the policing efforts contributes to criminal activity and unproductive behaviour on the part of the local population. A secondary concern when dealing with a non-state police force in Angola is the need for the organisation to properly understand the community that they are assigned to protect (Wood et al., 2007; Crank et al., 2007). Many times an outside operator will mistake a cultural element as a risk, which in turn may lead to an issue that should never have been created in the first place. Furthermore, the local populace may not hold a great deal of confidence in the outside force, which can become a substantial hindrance in the operation of day to day policing activities (Baker, 2002; Wood et al., 2007).   If the community is not helpful many opportunities will be lost to the non-state police effort.   Yet, this can many times turn into a private citizenry that expects special favours of the police force, leading to another issue that has the potential to lead to widespread abuse and corruption. The level of training and professionalism among these private forces can quickly become a liability in the effort to sustain a working police force (Johnston et al., 2003; Baker, 2002).   With many forces seeking to cut corners and save money whenever possible, there is a real potential to provide a undertrained and ill equipped force that could possible cause more harm than good in the region.   Furthermore, the less training provided to the force enhances the opportunity for corruption and the skewing of the original effort to protect the citizenry (Baker, 2010; Crank et al., 2007).   Finally, with a force that relies on funding there is the real possibility for a rich person or outside organisation to negatively influence the operation of the police force, making the need for oversight both critical and expensive (Wood et al., 2007; Gill, 1994). In summary, the negative aspects of using a non-state police force include possible corruption, lack of training and the absence of cultural sensitivity that aids in conducting many day to day police centred operations.   Furthermore, there is the very real opportunity for a well-funded outside entity to have a substantial impact on the operation of the police force, which in turn can produce a range of further negativity. 3 Conclusion The need to ensure the security of the ordinary citizen on a day to day basis throughout Angola has prompted the consideration of a non-state policing system. As this brief indicates, there is a need for a police force in order to create a sustainable and liveable condition in the nation of Angola. Yet, as the evidence insists, the presence of corruption and abuse is likely.   However, the need for citizenry protection and stability outweighs the possibility of negative policy.   It would seem possible for an Angolan effort to keep the policing force transparent would lead to a working force that benefits the population more than the special interests. Coupled with the reduction in overall state costs, the prospect of a working police force provides outside investors with a reason to hope for stability, thereby increasing the likelihood of investment which aids in the building Angolan infrastructure. In the end, no matter the negative potential, the evidence suggests that a non-state policing force offers more benefit than detriment, leading to the recommendation of creating and implementing a non-state policing force in the African nation of Angola.   References Baker, B. (2002). Living with non-state policing in South Africa: the issues and dilemmas.  The Journal of Modern African Studies, 40(01). Baker, B. (2006). The African post-conflict policing agenda in Sierra Leone.  Conflict, Security Development, 6(1), pp.25-49. Baker, B. (2010). Grasping the Nettle of Nonstate Policing.  Journal of International Peacekeeping, 14(3-4), pp.276-300. Crank, J. and Giacomazzi, A. (2007). Areal policing and public perceptions in a non†urban setting: one size fits one.  Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies Management, 30(1), pp.108-131. Gill, P. (1994).  Policing politics. London: F. Cass. Hallsworth, S. and Lea, J. (2011). Reconstructing Leviathan: Emerging contours of the security state.Theoretical Criminology, 15(2), pp.141-157. Johnston, L. and Shearing, C. (2003).  Governing security. London: Routledge. Wood, J. and Shearing, C. (2007).  Imagining security. Cullompton: Willan. ZIMBABWE: Security Sector Reform Deadlock. (2011).  Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 48(7), pp.18921C-18923C.

Various factors that have influence in their business process Essay

Various factors that have influence in their business process - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the world of the 21st century exists in a highly competitive global environment, which is powered by tremendous growth and fast development. The emergence of the internet in the last couple of years along with the fact of the rapid development of various kinds of technological gadgets has resulted in the process of faster and better connectivity in the markets around the world. The author has rightly presented that the global connectivity has increasingly helped in connecting the markets around the world, and has successfully converted the globe into a single and well-connected entity. The present research has identified that it is of high importance to mention that the better levels of technology-powered connectivity are resulting in the successful diffusion of various global trends, which emerges from various markets around the world. Because of faster dispersion of the globalized trends, it can be said that the consumers are getting more and more aware of their needs and wants. The paper tells that it also has to be said that the better connectivity is helping the rapid dispersion of global trends from the well-established markets to the emerging markets, thereby creating the opportunity for development of consumer demands. This entire cycle of having an increase in consumer demand is having a direct impact on the part of the consumers in a circular manner.... The evolution and advancements in the field of communication technology has already played a major role in regards to the diffusion of various kinds of global trends to various developing and newly emerging markets. Because of this spill over effect of the trends of globalization, it can be said that the consumers of both the developed and developing regions and markets have started to become more and more demanding in nature. The emergence of new consumer demands is resulting in the process of evolution of new kinds of business opportunities. Discussing in connection to this, it can be said that various business organizations and entities are evolving from various corners of the world for the purpose of emergence of new market based opportunities. This is paving the way for the thriving and survival of a widely diversified nature of business organizations. Talking on these lines, it can be said that various kinds of business organizations exists in today’s business environmen t of highly competitive and dynamic nature. The organizations may be multinational, international, transnational or global in nature. Talking in more elaborate manner, about the various kinds of organizations, it can be said that multinational business organizations are organizations, whose various divisions and business processes are spread across multiple countries around the world. Experts of the business domain reveal that a key factor of conducting a multinational business is the fact that organization works along with its various subsidiaries on the basis of certain degrees of decentralization. Talking in specific terms, it can be said that the decision making power of the subsidiaries located in various nations and countries around the world are comparatively high. In

Marble Cinery Urn Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marble Cinery Urn - Term Paper Example The major theme of the art on the cinery urn is spoils of a war. It is a striking rectilinear box covered with aspects of war like weapon armor, piles of trophies, carriages, and clubs. The fragmentary nature of the marble cinery urn makes it more captivating. The panels making the piece are of high quality, identifying the urn as a unique commission. Other available urns are baskets and vases which make this type of earn unique. The name of the deceased was inscribed on the front but the writing is missing. The marble cinery urn was excavated in south East Rome in a tomb in Anagni in the year 1899. The craftsmanship and the iconography of the art identify it as sarcophagi of the mid imperial period. (metmuseum.org, n.p) A commemorative urn shows the existence of loyalty, love and the beauty of ancient culture. Social messages to the deceased were easily put across using the urns and other portraits. There are other types of urns each with different purposes and cultural meaning. Ancient Romans could choose between burying their dead or cremating them, the choice was left for the family to decide. Cremation was more prevalent in this time since the burying was more foreign before the second century AD. This practice of cremation is evident in their art. Images and the themes of the dead and those mourning were common in the poetry. The urns were used to store the ashes of the dead after cremation. The marble cinery urn described above was probably used to store a victim of war that is why the urn has the weaponry engraved on the outer surface of the urn. The urns containing the ashes were placed in underground chambers or tombs with each individual urn having its own space. The chambers were personal properties or collective burial grounds. There was mass production of the urns but each urn was personalized that is why each urn is different from the other. Traditionally a final sigh signaled the death of a person. The relatives of the deceased would surround the death bed chanting his or her name. Calling of the name would be done continuously to ensure that the deceased had really died and for the burial process to officially start. People believed that this practice was equating breathe and the soul. A close relative would give a deceased a last kiss to catch the soul. The deceased eyes were also closed. Much weight was given to last words of a dying person (Hope, 168). Bodies were removed from the death beds placed on their knees for some time and then placed on the ground for the female relatives to clean it. Wrapping corpses with a black cloth or a white toga signaled the start of the wake. All honors the deceased had achieved in life were placed on the deceased and two cy press branches were planted on the entrance of the home. This was to show that there was a corpse in that specific house. Bodies were placed on a funeral beds in the residence, where people gave their last respects. To indicate a peaceful death the deceased feet were placed facing the door (Hope and Marshall ,34) . Funerary practices had long standing traditions referred to as mos maiorum drawn from Roman traditions and religion. It was one of the means through which cultural and family heritage was preserved and celebrated. Funeral processions (pompa) were made public with professional mourners being part of it. Wealthy families acquired actors who would dance in a satirical way to scare away evil spirits. Mimicking the lifestyle and speech of the deceased was done by the actors. Wax masks were worn by those representing the family’s ancestors who were prominent. Songs, hymns and other chants

A Brief History Of Marketing

A Brief History Of Marketing In some ways marketing is as old as civilization itself. You may have seen films based in ancient Greece or Rome with images of active market stalls and traders keenly engaged in convincing communications. Of course these traders would not have called their activities marketing and their activities may seem far removed from someone ordering airline tickets via a website. The concept of marketing that we now see has more to do with expansion during the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. This was a period of rapid social change motivated by technological and scientific innovation (BBC history). One result was that for the first time the production of goods was separated from their consumption. Mass production, developing transport infrastructure and growing mass media meant that producers needed to, and could develop more refined ways of managing the distribution of goods. The production orientation era For much of the industrial revolution goods were generally limited and producers could sell pretty much all that they could produce, as long as people could afford to buy them. Their focus was therefore on production and distribution at the lowest possible cost and whatever marketing management that there was considered these issues (for example, reducing distribution costs, opening new markets). The sales orientation era From the begining of the twentieth century to the era following the Second World War (although the development was interrupted by the wars) competition increased and the focus of marketing turned to selling. Communications, advertising and branding started to become more important as corporations needed to sell the mounting outputs of production in an increasingly swarming market. Marketing was therefore still a slave to production, but focused on distribution, communication and persuading customers that one manufacturer goods were better than another. The marketing orientation era From the 1960s onwards most markets have become flooded (the size of the market remains the same). This means that there is now severe competition for customers. The refinement of marketing management has therefore evolved into what we now see in a modern marketing department. Marketers are involved at a strategic level within the organization and therefore inform an organization about what should be produced, where it should be sold, how much should be charged for it and how it should be communicated to consumers. Modern marketers research markets and consumers. They try to understand consumer needs (and potential needs) and allocate organizational resources properly to meet these needs. Modern marketers are mainly interested in brands. They are also increasingly concerned to ensure that employees understand marketing, i.e. that everyone within the organization involves themselves with marketing activities. Evolution of marketing It is hard for many to think, but when compared to economics, production and operations, accounting and other business areas, marketing is a moderately young discipline having emerged in the early 1900s. Prior to this time most issues that are now usually associated with marketing were either assumed to fall within basic concepts of economics (e.g., price setting was viewed as a simple supply/demand issue), advertising (well developed by 1900), or in most cases, simply not yet explored (e.g., customer purchase behavior, importance of distribution partners). Led by marketing scholars from several major universities, the development of marketing was in large part aggravated by the need to dissect in greater detail relationships and behaviors that existed between sellers and buyers. In particular, the study of marketing led sellers to recognize that adopting certain strategies and tactics could extensively benefit the seller/buyer relationship. In the old days of marketing (before the 1950s) this often meant identifying strategies and tactics for simply selling more products and services with little regard for what customers really wanted. Often this meant companies embraced a sell-as-much-as-we-can philosophy with little concern for building relationships for the long term. But starting in the 1950s, companies instigated to see that old ways of selling were wearing thin with customers. As competition grew rigid across most industries, organizations looked to the buyer side of the transaction for ways to progress. What they found was an emerging philosophy signifying that the key factor in successful marketing is understanding the needs of customers. This now famous Marketing Concept suggests marketing decisions should flow from initially knowing the customer and what they want. Only then should an organization commence the process of developing and marketing products and services. Three Eras of Marketing In the first era of marketing, we were presented with eye catching beauty in the surrounding background, which presented us with a certain calming effect; just what the marketing ploy needed. Then you noticed the colorful wide variety of assorted fruits that were available. You could stroll endlessly about, taking your time to decide what you wanted. There were no pushy salesmen, definitely no television ads, and most assuredly no harassing phone calls. In fact, it didnt take much more than a whisper of a suggestion to make the first marketing ploy work. It was simple, just tell the people they couldnt have the one thing that would allow them to know and have everything they ever wanted. What began as a small marketing ploy, snowballed throughout history, and I believe began the very first marketing era. The second era of marketing was easy to see coming. When the masses no longer sought out all that the market had to offer, it became clear that a new marketing era was forthcoming. Now was the time for the market to come to the consumer. A whole new range of strategies emerged amid declining sales. First there was the one on one, door-to-door marketing approach. While effective, it was a slow word of mouth process. It did not offer a quick response like the new profitable posters, or newspapers and magazine ads that followed. Even today, these marketing approaches continue, but by the time television and radio started selling advertising time, the marketing approach had again changed. Now advertisers could appeal not only to what the consumer needed and wanted, but to what they might want some day in the future. These avenues gave access to new marketing areas and ideas. This second marketing era gave people the ability to market things like houses, housing projects, and vacation res orts. Consumers no longer had to spend excess money on gas just to see what was available. In addition, college funds, burial arrangements and even retirement plans, were easily handled in the comfort o f your own home. Finally, we come to the third and final marketing era. Now, because of satellite and Internet capabilities, mass marketing is always available; weather you want it or not. It resounds in your ears from television, radio, billboards and the like. It is the first thing you see in the morning and the last thing you hear at night, before you turn of you television. In this present third marketing era, every vain imagination of man is marketed. It is not only marketed to those who have the money, but to those who have no money. They even direct their advertisements under age kids who have no money. The marketing strategies are so perverse now, they actually encouraged the under age and the low income classification of people, to lie and begin buying things on credit. Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, ideas, or services. It includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could benefit the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to consume that particular brand. These messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various media. Advertising can also serve to communicate an idea to a large number of people in an attempt to convince them to take a certain action. Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through branding, which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate related qualities with the brand in the minds of consumers. Non-commercial advertisers who spend money to advertise items other than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies. Nonprofit organizations may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as a public service announcement. Modern advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Mass media can be defined as any media meant to reach a mass amount of people. Different types of media can be used to deliver these messages, including traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, outdoor or direct mail; or new media such as websites and text messages. Electronic Media Advertising A television advertisement or television commercial-often just commercial or TV ad (US), or advert, commercial, advertisement or simply just ad (UK/US), or ad-film (India)-is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization that conveys a message. Advertisement revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately owned television networks. The vast majority of television advertisements today consist of brief advertising spots, ranging in length from a few seconds to several minutes (as well as program-length infomercials). Advertisements of this sort have been used to promote a wide variety of goods, services and ideas since the dawn of television. The USAs first television advertisement was broadcast July 1, 1941. The watchmaker Bulova paid $9 for a placement on New York station WNBT before a baseball game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies. The 20-second spot displayed a picture of a clock superimposed on a map of the United States, accompanied by the voice-over America runs on Bulova time. The first TV ad broadcast in the UK was on ITV on 21 September 1955, advertising Gibbs S.R Toothpaste. Rural Marketing In recent years, rural markets have acquired importance, as the overall growth of the economy has resulted into considerable increase in the purchasing power of the rural communities. On account of green revolution, the rural areas are consuming a large quantity of industrial and urban manufactured products. In this context, a special marketing strategy, namely, rural marketing, has emerged. But often, rural marketing is confused with agricultural marketing the latter denotes marketing of produce of the rural areas to the urban consumers or industrial consumers, whereas rural marketing involves delivering manufactured or processed inputs or services to rural producers or consumers.

Conquest of Mexico Essay -- essays research papers fc

Conquest of Mexico   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1519 Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s led a couple hundred other Spaniards inland to the impressive Empire of the Mexica ruled by the Great Montezuma. Many historians today tell how quickly and almost effortlessly these Spaniards conquered the Empire. They paint an image of ignorant, helpless Indians practically giving up their land out of fear of this group because certainly the Spaniards must be gods since they have powerful weapons and strange animals. We know neither Cortà ©s nor any of his men were gods, of course, but what was it that allowed Cortà ©s to prevail over the inhabitants of the land? The First Expeditions To begin, in 1517 Francisco Hernà ¡ndez de Cà ³rdova, Bernal Dà ­az del Castillo, and some other gentlemen embarked on a journey to explore new lands in hopes of seeking employment since they had yet to find it in their new home of Cuba. In need of additional provisions, the governor of Cuba, Diego Velà ¡squez, loaned the group supplies and a boat with the agreement that they return with Indians to be used as slaves. At Cape Catoche of the Yucatan Peninsula, Cà ³rdova’s men first encountered a group of Indians who at first appeared friendly and welcoming only to draw those who disembarked along the road to their village where they then ambushed the explorers. In that battle, fifty soldiers died and the captain and the remaining men all suffered many wounds. The explorers continued to receive this type of reception from the Indians they encountered at every stop along the coast of the peninsula. Nearly dieing of thirst for want of fresh water, Cà ³rdova and his men tried again and again to safely land and gain casks of fresh water. At Champoton they encountered fresh water. Yet again they met with hostile, warring Indians. Only one man escaped without harm, but the Indians captured him. Once the Indians retreated, Cà ³rdova and his men quickly filled the casks with fresh water and returned to their ship. In light of the fact that the voyage proved to be somewhat of a disaster and all the men were either ill or wounded, they decided to return at once to Havana. (Dà ­az) Once in Havana, Cà ³rdova sent a report to Governor Velà ¡squez word of their return. In addition to reporting about the warring natives, Cà ³rdova described the discovery of heavily populated lands where the people lived in masonry houses, wore cotton garments,... ... Spaniards, and various Indians battled day after day often regaining what they had lost in the night as they retreated for rest. Cortà ©s had previously been adamant about only causing harm to the Indians when absolutely necessary. The new lord refused to withdraw and admit defeat. Finally, Cortà ©s called for all buildings to be decimated. He had envoys at all entrances to the city by that time, and escape was impossible. July 26, 1520, after 12,000 dead, Cortà ©s claimed Mexico City for Spain. Works Cited Cortà ©s, Hernando. 5 Letters of Cortà ©s to the Emperor 1529 – 1526. Trans. J. Bayard Morris. New York: W. W. Norton, 1962. Dà ­az del Castillo, Bernal. The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico,1517 – 1521/Edited from the only exact copy of the original MS. (and published in Mexico) by Genaro Garcà ­a. Translated with an introd. And notes by A.P. Maudslay. Introd. To the American ed. By Irving A. Leonard. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy, 1956. Helly, Mathilde. Montezuma and the Aztecs/Mathilde Helly and Rà ©mi Courgeon. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1996. Morris, J. Bayard, trans. 5 Letters of Cortà ©s to the Emperor 1529 – 1526. By Hernando Cortà ©s. New York: W. W. Norton, 1962.

Lord of the Flies, Alternative Ending Essay

Away watching as Jack and Roger walked into the clearing where he sat, â€Å"Where could he have gone? There is no where to hide? † Roger groaned poking the end of his spear into the ground. Ralph felt a urge to stand up and finally give up, but his father had taught him better, his father was a fighter shouldn’t he be too? He glanced around his shoulder noticing the twins break into the trees behind him. They made eye contact and looked away hurrying off towards Roger and Jack. Ralph sighed crawling deeper into the burned trees, he looked ahead noticing the burned stick and around it the pieces of bone from the broken pig head. He shuttered standing and holding his spear tightly in his hands. Jack looked over noticing the twins walking slowly towards him he stood straighter, â€Å"What? † The twins jumped before pointing to where Ralph had gone, â€Å"He, he went out there. † Jack grinned pushing the twins aside and walking out into the meadow. â€Å"Well, well, well. Lookie what we have here. He pushed his tangled hair behind his shoulder. Ralph sighed, â€Å"Get it over with Jack. † Roger giggled running out into the meadow, before Ralph could react he was surrounded, hunted down like some kind of animal, the kids looked barbaric, they had all gone mad with their war paint and blood covered spears. Ralph held the spear up in defense. The hunters jumped at him tightening their circle poking him with their spears grabbing at his. Ralph yelled poking his spear forwards he felt the tip dig into something, someone yelling. Before he could pull it out, they were on him shoving him to the ground, Ralph dropped his spear trying to fight back, trying to escape the hunters, somehow. Jack laughed stabbing his spear down hitting flesh. Ralph screamed out, begging them to stop. The hunters continued in a clockwise dance, stabbing, poking and kicking. Jack laughed the circle becoming wide once again, Ralph lay in a mess, a puddle of blood appearing around him, he took a shallow breath Jack pushed him with his foot onto his back. Ralph opened his eyes his swollen bloody face making it almost impossible. He looked up into the sky watching as two birds circling above. He smiled closing his eyes his chest rising and falling ever so slowly until finally for what seemed a lifetime it stopped. Jack laughed taking his knife and kneeling down. A few weeks later a large vessel anchored, two rowboats neared the island, coming onto the beach. The navy officers in their blue uniforms looked down at the rotting flesh of the small children some looking as if they had their limbs cut off with a badly sharpened knife. The officers held their guns close walking around the island. They finally made their way towards the meadow stopping in their tracks at the sight of a head planted firmly onto a stick, his fair hair falling over his rotted flesh, some Navy men turned at the sight. A few yards from the head sat a boy his orange hair falling over his eyes in a shaggy mess. The officers walked closer pushing the boy with their guns. He was mumbling to himself, slowly fading away. Around the boy lay masses of bones. He looked up making the officers gasp his dead blue eyes shaking them to the core. He raised his hand showing them the small broken down knife. He chuckled smiling wide showing a mouthful of rotten and fallen out teeth, â€Å"The Lord of the Flies welcomes you. † He laughed; some of the officers turned away, others loading their guns. â€Å"Who? † Their captain asked. â€Å"The Lord of the Flies welcomes you. † he repeated laughing hysterically, â€Å"The Lord of the Flies welcomes you. †

Human Resource Development in Pakistan - 6755 Words

THE CHALLENGES OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN Dr. Nasim Ashraf Abstract This paper explores the challenges posed in the area of human development in Pakistan. Pakistan has made little progress in key indicators of human development - education and health - due to years of neglect in policy making and implementation issues. Based on available data, it is highlighted that despite achieving a respectable growth rate, Pakistan has not been able to reduce poverty as other nations have (with similar or even lower levels of GDP per capita). Poor human development has also hampered economic growth. The paper brings out the principal challenges of human resource development in Pakistan, which are mainly the untrained,†¦show more content†¦Pakistan HDI ranking is very low - 142 out of 175 countries according to Human Development Report 2004 - depicting the poor level of human development in the country (see Figure 1 below). Figure 1: HDI Comparison Source: Human Development Report 2004 – UNDP A high GDP does not necessarily mean a high degree of human development which is indicated below by a comparison of selected countries showing their standing on HDI, including Pakistan (Figure 2). Figure: No.2: HDI vs. GDP per capita Vietnam has been able to decrease poverty by one half between 1990-2000 because of its relatively higher investments in female literacy and basic health care (see Figure 3 below). Figure 3: Comparison of Human Development Indicators: Vietnam vs. Pakistan [pic] In the context of South Asia, Pakistan has the lowest net enrollment rates in the region according to the UNDP Human Development Report (see below). Figure 4: Net Primary Enrollment Rate (%) Regional Comparison Source: Human Development Report 2004 - UNDP Pakistan has the highest rate of infant and under-5 child mortality in the region, according to Human Development Report (see below). Figure 5: Infant Mortality Rate (Deaths per 1,000 Live Births) Comparison Source: Human Development Report 2004 - UNDP This persistent under-achievement in access to health and education is in part attributable to the exclusion of significant segments of society from access to development benefits.Show MoreRelatedLeadership Effectiveness and Business Management792 Words   |  3 Pagesthat coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing and controlling an organization or initiative to accomplish a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. 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